2.2.- Prefixes and Suffixes

What is your favourite song?

Listening Introductory Activity

https://www.topworksheets.com/t/ulYelKdUizq

Substitution song video

Information and Exercises about Prefixes and Suffixes

https://www.uefap.com/vocab/build/building.htm

1.- Verbs

1.1.- Verb Suffixes

1.2.- Verb Prefixes

2.- Nouns

2.1.- Noun Prefixes

prefix + noun -> noun

2.2.- Noun Suffixes

verb, noun, adjective -> noun

Verb + suffix -> noun

https://www.autoenglish.org/FCEUse/verbs2nouns.htm

Noun + suffix -> noun

adective + suffix -> noun

https://www.autoenglish.org/FCEUse/nouns2adjectives.htm

https://www.autoenglish.org/FCEUse/verbs2adjectives.htm

3.- Adjectives

3.1.- Adjective Suffixes

https://www.autoenglish.org/FCEUse/nouns2adjectives.htm

3.2.- Adjective Prefixes

4.- Adverbs

4.1.- Adverb Suffixes

-never           whenever, wherever, whatever

Online Exercise about forming adverbs

https://www.autoenglish.org/FCEUse/adjectives2adverbs.htm

Collaborative Exercise:

https://wordwall.net/es/resource/89368077

https://wordwall.net/es/resource/6190148

Assignment:

https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/word-formation/wf052-unusual-park.htm

1.7.- Capitalisation

 

Capitalisation

 

1.- The first sentence word, for example:

'When he tells a joke, he sometimes forgets the punch line.'

2.- The pronoun I, for example: 'The last time I visited Atlanta was several years ago.'

3.- Family relationships when used as proper names, for example:

I sent a thank-you note to Aunt Abigail but not to my other aunts.

Here is a present I bought for Mother.

Did you buy a present for your mother?

4.- Proper nouns (the names of specific people, places, organizations, and sometimes things)

Worrill Fabrication Company

Golden Gate Bridge

Supreme Court

Livingston, Missouri

Mothers Against Drunk Driving

5.- The names of God, specific deities, religious figures, and holy books.

God the Father

the Virgin Mary

the Bible

the Greek gods

Moses

Shiva

Buddha

Zeus

Exception: The word 'god' in general terms is not capitalised, for example, 'The word "polytheistic" means the worship of more than one god.'

6.- Directions that are names (North, South, East, and West when are used as sections of the country but not as compass directions), for example:

'The Patels have moved to the Southwest.'

'Jim's house is two miles north of Brighton.'

7.- Titles preceding names, but not titles that follow names, for example:

'She worked as the assistant to Doctor House.'

'I was able to interview Michaela Quinn, the doctor of Colorado Spring.'

8.- The days of the week, the months of the year, and holidays (but not generally the seasons of the year)

Halloween

October

Friday

winter

spring

fall

Exception: Seasons are capitalized when used in a title, e.g., The Fall 1999 semester

 

9.- The names of countries, nationalities, and languages:

Costa Rica

Spanish

French

English

 

10.- The first word in a sentence that is a direct quote, for example, Emerson once said, 'A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds.'

 

11.- The major words in titles of books, articles, and songs (but not short prepositions or the articles 'the,' 'a,' or 'an'  when they are not the first word of the title), for example,  'One of Jerry's favorite books is The Catcher in the Rye.'

12.- Members of national, political, racial, social, civic, and athletic groups:

Green Bay Packers

African-Americans

Democrats

Friends of the Wilderness

Chinese

13.- Periods and events but not century numbers:

Victorian Era

Great Depression

Constitutional Convention

sixteenth century

 

14.- Trademarks:

Pepsi

Honda

IBM

Microsoft Word

 

15.- Words and abbreviations of specific names, except for the thing names that come from specific things which are now general types:

NBC

UN

Freudian

pasteurize

french fries

italics

Collaborative Online Exercise about Capitalisation

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/nouns_articles/capitalization.htm

Individual Online Exercise about Capitalisation

https://www.liveworksheets.com/es/w/en/languge-arts/320116

1.6.- Dashes vs Parentheses

Dashes -/—

There are two types of dashes: en dashes (–) and em dashes (—) each have different functions. 

The en dash is shorter and is frequently used to show numerical ranges or connections between words in compound adjectives when one of the elements comprises multiple words. The em dash is longer and generally used to note a break, provide drama, or give an example.

Writers use the en dash like this: “To pass the class, Sally needs to score between 80%–90% on the exam.” In contrast, writers use the em dash like this: “Alex needs to pass chemistry—a very difficult class—to graduate this semester.”

Em dashes are used to set off or emphasize the content enclosed within dashes or the content that follows a dash. Em dashes place more emphasis on this content than parentheses.​

​

Perhaps one reason why the term has been so problematic—so resistant to definition, and yet so transitory in those definitions—is because of its multitude of applications.​

​​​

The U.S.S. Constitution became known as 'Old Ironsides' during the War of 1812—during which the cannonballs fired from the British H.M.S. Guerriere merely bounced off the sides of the Constitution.

​

To some of you, my proposals may seem radical—even revolutionary.​

Use a dash to set off an appositive phrase that already includes commas. An appositive is a word that adds explanatory or clarifying information to the noun that precedes it.

The cousins—Tina, Todd, and Sam—arrived at the party together.

 

Parentheses

Parentheses (( )) are used to emphasize content. They place more emphasis on the enclosed content than commas. Use parentheses to set off nonessential material, such as dates, clarifying information, or sources, from a sentence.

e.g. Muhammed Ali (1942-2016), arguably the greatest athlete of all time, claimed he would "float like a butterfly, sting like a bee."

Collaborative Online Exercise about Dashes vs Parentheses

https://study.com/academy/practice/quiz-worksheet-using-parentheses-dashes.html

Individual Online Exercise about Commas, Dashes, and Parentheses

https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/584025cf429f0f602956dec9/commas-parentheses-and-dashes

https://quizizz.com/join?gc=41426008

Last Update by Dark Prince in 2024